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Portugal has recently introduced a set of advanced immigration and border control systems aimed at strengthening national security, improving processing efficiency, and aligning more closely with European Union standards. 

On 12th May 2025, the UK government published a white paper titled Restoring Control Over the Immigration System, setting out a series of proposals aimed at tightening migration policy. Among the most significant of these is a plan to increase the qualifying period for permanent residency, known as Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) from five to ten years.

Italy has enacted significant reforms to its citizenship law. These amendments affect how citizenship by descent is recognised and passed on, introducing new restrictions for those with dual nationality and tighter eligibility criteria for future generations.